// Thanks Apple.inc
// https://github.com/apple/darwin-xnu/blob/main/osfmk/mach/machine.h
// https://opensource.apple.com/source/xnu/xnu-7195.81.3/osfmk/mach/machine.h.auto.html
/*
 * Copyright (c) 2007-2016 Apple, Inc. All rights reserved.
 * Copyright (c) 2000 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved.
 *
 * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
 *
 * This file contains Original Code and/or Modifications of Original Code
 * as defined in and that are subject to the Apple Public Source License
 * Version 2.0 (the 'License'). You may not use this file except in
 * compliance with the License. The rights granted to you under the License
 * may not be used to create, or enable the creation or redistribution of,
 * unlawful or unlicensed copies of an Apple operating system, or to
 * circumvent, violate, or enable the circumvention or violation of, any
 * terms of an Apple operating system software license agreement.
 *
 * Please obtain a copy of the License at
 * http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/ and read it before using this file.
 *
 * The Original Code and all software distributed under the License are
 * distributed on an 'AS IS' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND APPLE HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL SUCH WARRANTIES,
 * INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, QUIET ENJOYMENT OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.
 * Please see the License for the specific language governing rights and
 * limitations under the License.
 *
 * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_END@
 */
/*
 * Mach Operating System
 * Copyright (c) 1991,1990,1989,1988,1987 Carnegie Mellon University
 * All Rights Reserved.
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and its
 * documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the copyright
 * notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of the
 * software, derivative works or modified versions, and any portions
 * thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting documentation.
 *
 * CARNEGIE MELLON ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS "AS IS"
 * CONDITION.  CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY OF ANY KIND FOR
 * ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 *
 * Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to return to
 *
 *  Software Distribution Coordinator  or  Software.Distribution@CS.CMU.EDU
 *  School of Computer Science
 *  Carnegie Mellon University
 *  Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890
 *
 * any improvements or extensions that they make and grant Carnegie Mellon
 * the rights to redistribute these changes.
 */
/*	File:	machine.h
 *	Author:	Avadis Tevanian, Jr.
 *	Date:	1986
 *
 *	Machine independent machine abstraction.
 */

#ifndef HAZEL_MACH_O_HPP
#define HAZEL_MACH_O_HPP

#include <cstdint>
typedef int integer_t;
typedef integer_t cpu_type_t;
typedef integer_t cpu_subtype_t;
typedef integer_t cpu_threadtype_t;

#define CPU_STATE_MAX 4

#define CPU_STATE_USER 0
#define CPU_STATE_SYSTEM 1
#define CPU_STATE_IDLE 2
#define CPU_STATE_NICE 3

/*
 * Capability bits used in the definition of cpu_type.
 */
#define CPU_ARCH_MASK 0xff000000     /* mask for architecture bits */
#define CPU_ARCH_ABI64 0x01000000    /* 64 bit ABI */
#define CPU_ARCH_ABI64_32 0x02000000 /* ABI for 64-bit hardware with 32-bit types; LP32 */

/*
 *	Machine types known by all.
 */

#define CPU_TYPE_ANY ((cpu_type_t)-1)

#define CPU_TYPE_VAX ((cpu_type_t)1)
/* skip				((cpu_type_t) 2)	*/
/* skip				((cpu_type_t) 3)	*/
/* skip				((cpu_type_t) 4)	*/
/* skip				((cpu_type_t) 5)	*/
#define CPU_TYPE_MC680x0 ((cpu_type_t)6)
#define CPU_TYPE_X86 ((cpu_type_t)7)
#define CPU_TYPE_I386 CPU_TYPE_X86 /* compatibility */
#define CPU_TYPE_X86_64 (CPU_TYPE_X86 | CPU_ARCH_ABI64)

/* skip CPU_TYPE_MIPS		((cpu_type_t) 8)	*/
/* skip 			((cpu_type_t) 9)	*/
#define CPU_TYPE_MC98000 ((cpu_type_t)10)
#define CPU_TYPE_HPPA ((cpu_type_t)11)
#define CPU_TYPE_ARM ((cpu_type_t)12)
#define CPU_TYPE_ARM64 (CPU_TYPE_ARM | CPU_ARCH_ABI64)
#define CPU_TYPE_MC88000 ((cpu_type_t)13)
#define CPU_TYPE_SPARC ((cpu_type_t)14)
#define CPU_TYPE_I860 ((cpu_type_t)15)
/* skip	CPU_TYPE_ALPHA		((cpu_type_t) 16)	*/
/* skip				((cpu_type_t) 17)	*/
#define CPU_TYPE_POWERPC ((cpu_type_t)18)
#define CPU_TYPE_POWERPC64 (CPU_TYPE_POWERPC | CPU_ARCH_ABI64)

/*
 *	Machine subtypes (these are defined here, instead of in a machine
 *	dependent directory, so that any program can get all definitions
 *	regardless of where is it compiled).
 */

/*
 * Capability bits used in the definition of cpu_subtype.
 */
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_MASK 0xff000000        /* mask for feature flags */
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_LIB64 0x80000000       /* 64 bit libraries */
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_PTRAUTH_ABI 0x80000000 /* pointer authentication with versioned ABI */

/*
 *      When selecting a slice, ANY will pick the slice with the best
 *      grading for the selected cpu_type_t, unlike the "ALL" subtypes,
 *      which are the slices that can run on any hardware for that cpu type.
 */
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_ANY ((cpu_subtype_t)-1)
/*
 *	Object files that are hand-crafted to run on any
 *	implementation of an architecture are tagged with
 *	CPU_SUBTYPE_MULTIPLE.  This functions essentially the same as
 *	the "ALL" subtype of an architecture except that it allows us
 *	to easily find object files that may need to be modified
 *	whenever a new implementation of an architecture comes out.
 *
 *	It is the responsibility of the implementor to make sure the
 *	software handles unsupported implementations elegantly.
 */
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_MULTIPLE ((cpu_subtype_t)-1)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_LITTLE_ENDIAN ((cpu_subtype_t)0)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_BIG_ENDIAN ((cpu_subtype_t)1)

/*
 *     Machine threadtypes.
 *     This is none - not defined - for most machine types/subtypes.
 */
#define CPU_THREADTYPE_NONE ((cpu_threadtype_t)0)

/*
 *	VAX subtypes (these do *not* necessary conform to the actual cpu
 *	ID assigned by DEC available via the SID register).
 */

#define CPU_SUBTYPE_VAX_ALL ((cpu_subtype_t)0)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_VAX780 ((cpu_subtype_t)1)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_VAX785 ((cpu_subtype_t)2)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_VAX750 ((cpu_subtype_t)3)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_VAX730 ((cpu_subtype_t)4)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_UVAXI ((cpu_subtype_t)5)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_UVAXII ((cpu_subtype_t)6)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_VAX8200 ((cpu_subtype_t)7)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_VAX8500 ((cpu_subtype_t)8)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_VAX8600 ((cpu_subtype_t)9)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_VAX8650 ((cpu_subtype_t)10)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_VAX8800 ((cpu_subtype_t)11)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_UVAXIII ((cpu_subtype_t)12)

/*
 * 	680x0 subtypes
 *
 * The subtype definitions here are unusual for historical reasons.
 * NeXT used to consider 68030 code as generic 68000 code.  For
 * backwards compatability:
 *
 *	CPU_SUBTYPE_MC68030 symbol has been preserved for source code
 *	compatability.
 *
 *	CPU_SUBTYPE_MC680x0_ALL has been defined to be the same
 *	subtype as CPU_SUBTYPE_MC68030 for binary comatability.
 *
 *	CPU_SUBTYPE_MC68030_ONLY has been added to allow new object
 *	files to be tagged as containing 68030-specific instructions.
 */

#define CPU_SUBTYPE_MC680x0_ALL ((cpu_subtype_t)1)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_MC68030 ((cpu_subtype_t)1) /* compat */
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_MC68040 ((cpu_subtype_t)2)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_MC68030_ONLY ((cpu_subtype_t)3)

/*
 *	I386 subtypes
 */

#define CPU_SUBTYPE_INTEL(f, m) ((cpu_subtype_t)(f) + ((m) << 4))

#define CPU_SUBTYPE_I386_ALL CPU_SUBTYPE_INTEL(3, 0)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_386 CPU_SUBTYPE_INTEL(3, 0)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_486 CPU_SUBTYPE_INTEL(4, 0)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_486SX CPU_SUBTYPE_INTEL(4, 8) // 8 << 4 = 128
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_586 CPU_SUBTYPE_INTEL(5, 0)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_PENT CPU_SUBTYPE_INTEL(5, 0)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_PENTPRO CPU_SUBTYPE_INTEL(6, 1)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_PENTII_M3 CPU_SUBTYPE_INTEL(6, 3)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_PENTII_M5 CPU_SUBTYPE_INTEL(6, 5)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_CELERON CPU_SUBTYPE_INTEL(7, 6)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_CELERON_MOBILE CPU_SUBTYPE_INTEL(7, 7)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_PENTIUM_3 CPU_SUBTYPE_INTEL(8, 0)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_PENTIUM_3_M CPU_SUBTYPE_INTEL(8, 1)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_PENTIUM_3_XEON CPU_SUBTYPE_INTEL(8, 2)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_PENTIUM_M CPU_SUBTYPE_INTEL(9, 0)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_PENTIUM_4 CPU_SUBTYPE_INTEL(10, 0)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_PENTIUM_4_M CPU_SUBTYPE_INTEL(10, 1)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_ITANIUM CPU_SUBTYPE_INTEL(11, 0)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_ITANIUM_2 CPU_SUBTYPE_INTEL(11, 1)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_XEON CPU_SUBTYPE_INTEL(12, 0)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_XEON_MP CPU_SUBTYPE_INTEL(12, 1)

#define CPU_SUBTYPE_INTEL_FAMILY(x) ((x)&15)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_INTEL_FAMILY_MAX 15

#define CPU_SUBTYPE_INTEL_MODEL(x) ((x) >> 4)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_INTEL_MODEL_ALL 0

/*
 *	X86 subtypes.
 */

#define CPU_SUBTYPE_X86_ALL ((cpu_subtype_t)3)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_X86_64_ALL ((cpu_subtype_t)3)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_X86_ARCH1 ((cpu_subtype_t)4)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_X86_64_H ((cpu_subtype_t)8) /* Haswell feature subset */

#define CPU_THREADTYPE_INTEL_HTT ((cpu_threadtype_t)1)

/*
 *	Mips subtypes.
 */

#define CPU_SUBTYPE_MIPS_ALL ((cpu_subtype_t)0)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_MIPS_R2300 ((cpu_subtype_t)1)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_MIPS_R2600 ((cpu_subtype_t)2)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_MIPS_R2800 ((cpu_subtype_t)3)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_MIPS_R2000a ((cpu_subtype_t)4) /* pmax */
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_MIPS_R2000 ((cpu_subtype_t)5)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_MIPS_R3000a ((cpu_subtype_t)6) /* 3max */
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_MIPS_R3000 ((cpu_subtype_t)7)

/*
 *	MC98000 (PowerPC) subtypes
 */
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_MC98000_ALL ((cpu_subtype_t)0)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_MC98601 ((cpu_subtype_t)1)

/*
 *	HPPA subtypes for Hewlett-Packard HP-PA family of
 *	risc processors. Port by NeXT to 700 series.
 */

#define CPU_SUBTYPE_HPPA_ALL ((cpu_subtype_t)0)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_HPPA_7100 ((cpu_subtype_t)0) /* compat */
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_HPPA_7100LC ((cpu_subtype_t)1)

/*
 *	MC88000 subtypes.
 */
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_MC88000_ALL ((cpu_subtype_t)0)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_MC88100 ((cpu_subtype_t)1)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_MC88110 ((cpu_subtype_t)2)

/*
 *	SPARC subtypes
 */
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_SPARC_ALL ((cpu_subtype_t)0)

/*
 *	I860 subtypes
 */
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_I860_ALL ((cpu_subtype_t)0)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_I860_860 ((cpu_subtype_t)1)

/*
 *	PowerPC subtypes
 */
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_POWERPC_ALL ((cpu_subtype_t)0)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_POWERPC_601 ((cpu_subtype_t)1)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_POWERPC_602 ((cpu_subtype_t)2)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_POWERPC_603 ((cpu_subtype_t)3)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_POWERPC_603e ((cpu_subtype_t)4)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_POWERPC_603ev ((cpu_subtype_t)5)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_POWERPC_604 ((cpu_subtype_t)6)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_POWERPC_604e ((cpu_subtype_t)7)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_POWERPC_620 ((cpu_subtype_t)8)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_POWERPC_750 ((cpu_subtype_t)9)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_POWERPC_7400 ((cpu_subtype_t)10)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_POWERPC_7450 ((cpu_subtype_t)11)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_POWERPC_970 ((cpu_subtype_t)100)

/*
 *	ARM subtypes
 */
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM_ALL ((cpu_subtype_t)0)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM_V4T ((cpu_subtype_t)5)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM_V6 ((cpu_subtype_t)6)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM_V5TEJ ((cpu_subtype_t)7)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM_XSCALE ((cpu_subtype_t)8)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM_V7 ((cpu_subtype_t)9)   /* ARMv7-A and ARMv7-R */
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM_V7F ((cpu_subtype_t)10) /* Cortex A9 */
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM_V7S ((cpu_subtype_t)11) /* Swift */
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM_V7K ((cpu_subtype_t)12)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM_V8 ((cpu_subtype_t)13)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM_V6M ((cpu_subtype_t)14)  /* Not meant to be run under xnu */
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM_V7M ((cpu_subtype_t)15)  /* Not meant to be run under xnu */
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM_V7EM ((cpu_subtype_t)16) /* Not meant to be run under xnu */
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM_V8M ((cpu_subtype_t)17)  /* Not meant to be run under xnu */

/*
 *  ARM64 subtypes
 */
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM64_ALL ((cpu_subtype_t)0)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM64_V8 ((cpu_subtype_t)1)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM64E ((cpu_subtype_t)2)

/* CPU subtype feature flags for ptrauth on arm64e platforms */
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM64_PTR_AUTH_MASK 0x0f000000
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM64_PTR_AUTH_VERSION(x) (((x)&CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM64_PTR_AUTH_MASK) >> 24)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM64_PTR_AUTH_CURRENT_VERSION 0

/*
 *  ARM64_32 subtypes
 */
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM64_32_ALL ((cpu_subtype_t)0)
#define CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM64_32_V8 ((cpu_subtype_t)1)

/*
 *	CPU families (sysctl hw.cpufamily)
 *
 * These are meant to identify the CPU's marketing name - an
 * application can map these to (possibly) localized strings.
 * NB: the encodings of the CPU families are intentionally arbitrary.
 * There is no ordering, and you should never try to deduce whether
 * or not some feature is available based on the family.
 * Use feature flags (eg, hw.optional.altivec) to test for optional
 * functionality.
 */
#define CPUFAMILY_UNKNOWN 0
#define CPUFAMILY_POWERPC_G3 0xcee41549
#define CPUFAMILY_POWERPC_G4 0x77c184ae
#define CPUFAMILY_POWERPC_G5 0xed76d8aa
#define CPUFAMILY_INTEL_6_13 0xaa33392b
#define CPUFAMILY_INTEL_PENRYN 0x78ea4fbc
#define CPUFAMILY_INTEL_NEHALEM 0x6b5a4cd2
#define CPUFAMILY_INTEL_WESTMERE 0x573b5eec
#define CPUFAMILY_INTEL_SANDYBRIDGE 0x5490b78c
#define CPUFAMILY_INTEL_IVYBRIDGE 0x1f65e835
#define CPUFAMILY_INTEL_HASWELL 0x10b282dc
#define CPUFAMILY_INTEL_BROADWELL 0x582ed09c
#define CPUFAMILY_INTEL_SKYLAKE 0x37fc219f
#define CPUFAMILY_INTEL_KABYLAKE 0x0f817246
#define CPUFAMILY_INTEL_ICELAKE 0x38435547
#define CPUFAMILY_ARM_9 0xe73283ae
#define CPUFAMILY_ARM_11 0x8ff620d8
#define CPUFAMILY_ARM_XSCALE 0x53b005f5
#define CPUFAMILY_ARM_12 0xbd1b0ae9
#define CPUFAMILY_ARM_13 0x0cc90e64
#define CPUFAMILY_ARM_14 0x96077ef1
#define CPUFAMILY_ARM_15 0xa8511bca
#define CPUFAMILY_ARM_SWIFT 0x1e2d6381
#define CPUFAMILY_ARM_CYCLONE 0x37a09642
#define CPUFAMILY_ARM_TYPHOON 0x2c91a47e
#define CPUFAMILY_ARM_TWISTER 0x92fb37c8
#define CPUFAMILY_ARM_HURRICANE 0x67ceee93
#define CPUFAMILY_ARM_MONSOON_MISTRAL 0xe81e7ef6
#define CPUFAMILY_ARM_VORTEX_TEMPEST 0x07d34b9f
#define CPUFAMILY_ARM_LIGHTNING_THUNDER 0x462504d2
#ifndef RC_HIDE_XNU_FIRESTORM
#define CPUFAMILY_ARM_FIRESTORM_ICESTORM 0x1b588bb3
#endif /* !RC_HIDE_XNU_FIRESTORM */

#define CPUSUBFAMILY_UNKNOWN 0
#define CPUSUBFAMILY_ARM_HP 1
#define CPUSUBFAMILY_ARM_HG 2
#define CPUSUBFAMILY_ARM_M 3
#ifndef RC_HIDE_XNU_FIRESTORM
#define CPUSUBFAMILY_ARM_HS 4
#define CPUSUBFAMILY_ARM_HC_HD 5
#endif /* !RC_HIDE_XNU_FIRESTORM */

/* The following synonyms are deprecated: */
#define CPUFAMILY_INTEL_6_23 CPUFAMILY_INTEL_PENRYN
#define CPUFAMILY_INTEL_6_26 CPUFAMILY_INTEL_NEHALEM

//// VMPORT
/*
 *	Types defined:
 *
 *	vm_prot_t		VM protection values.
 */

typedef int vm_prot_t;

/*
 *	Protection values, defined as bits within the vm_prot_t type
 */

#define VM_PROT_NONE ((vm_prot_t)0x00)

#define VM_PROT_READ ((vm_prot_t)0x01)    /* read permission */
#define VM_PROT_WRITE ((vm_prot_t)0x02)   /* write permission */
#define VM_PROT_EXECUTE ((vm_prot_t)0x04) /* execute permission */

/*
 *	The default protection for newly-created virtual memory
 */

#define VM_PROT_DEFAULT (VM_PROT_READ | VM_PROT_WRITE)

/*
 *	The maximum privileges possible, for parameter checking.
 */

#define VM_PROT_ALL (VM_PROT_READ | VM_PROT_WRITE | VM_PROT_EXECUTE)

/*
 *	An invalid protection value.
 *	Used only by memory_object_lock_request to indicate no change
 *	to page locks.  Using -1 here is a bad idea because it
 *	looks like VM_PROT_ALL and then some.
 */

#define VM_PROT_NO_CHANGE ((vm_prot_t)0x08)

/*
 *      When a caller finds that he cannot obtain write permission on a
 *      mapped entry, the following flag can be used.  The entry will
 *      be made "needs copy" effectively copying the object (using COW),
 *      and write permission will be added to the maximum protections
 *      for the associated entry.
 */

#define VM_PROT_COPY ((vm_prot_t)0x10)

/*
 *	Another invalid protection value.
 *	Used only by memory_object_data_request upon an object
 *	which has specified a copy_call copy strategy. It is used
 *	when the kernel wants a page belonging to a copy of the
 *	object, and is only asking the object as a result of
 *	following a shadow chain. This solves the race between pages
 *	being pushed up by the memory manager and the kernel
 *	walking down the shadow chain.
 */

#define VM_PROT_WANTS_COPY ((vm_prot_t)0x10)

// https://opensource.apple.com/source/xnu/xnu-7195.81.3/EXTERNAL_HEADERS/mach-o/fat.h.auto.html

#define FAT_MAGIC 0xcafebabe
#define FAT_CIGAM 0xbebafeca /* NXSwapLong(FAT_MAGIC) */

struct fat_header {
  uint32_t magic;     /* FAT_MAGIC */
  uint32_t nfat_arch; /* number of structs that follow */
};

struct fat_arch {
  cpu_type_t cputype;       /* cpu specifier (int) */
  cpu_subtype_t cpusubtype; /* machine specifier (int) */
  uint32_t offset;          /* file offset to this object file */
  uint32_t size;            /* size of this object file */
  uint32_t align;           /* alignment as a power of 2 */
};

/*
 * <machine/thread_status.h> is expected to define the flavors of the thread
 * states and the structures of those flavors for each machine.
 */
// Note: Removed for maloader.
// #include <mach/machine/thread_status.h>
// #include <architecture/byte_order.h>

// https://opensource.apple.com/source/xnu/xnu-7195.81.3/EXTERNAL_HEADERS/mach-o/loader.h.auto.html

/*
 * The 32-bit mach header appears at the very beginning of the object file for
 * 32-bit architectures.
 */
struct mach_header {
  uint32_t magic;           /* mach magic number identifier */
  cpu_type_t cputype;       /* cpu specifier */
  cpu_subtype_t cpusubtype; /* machine specifier */
  uint32_t filetype;        /* type of file */
  uint32_t ncmds;           /* number of load commands */
  uint32_t sizeofcmds;      /* the size of all the load commands */
  uint32_t flags;           /* flags */
};

/* Constant for the magic field of the mach_header (32-bit architectures) */
#define MH_MAGIC 0xfeedface /* the mach magic number */
#define MH_CIGAM 0xcefaedfe /* NXSwapInt(MH_MAGIC) */

/*
 * The 64-bit mach header appears at the very beginning of object files for
 * 64-bit architectures.
 */
struct mach_header_64 {
  uint32_t magic;           /* mach magic number identifier */
  cpu_type_t cputype;       /* cpu specifier */
  cpu_subtype_t cpusubtype; /* machine specifier */
  uint32_t filetype;        /* type of file */
  uint32_t ncmds;           /* number of load commands */
  uint32_t sizeofcmds;      /* the size of all the load commands */
  uint32_t flags;           /* flags */
  uint32_t reserved;        /* reserved */
};

/* Constant for the magic field of the mach_header_64 (64-bit architectures) */
#define MH_MAGIC_64 0xfeedfacf /* the 64-bit mach magic number */
#define MH_CIGAM_64 0xcffaedfe /* NXSwapInt(MH_MAGIC_64) */

/*
 * The layout of the file depends on the filetype.  For all but the MH_OBJECT
 * file type the segments are padded out and aligned on a segment alignment
 * boundary for efficient demand pageing.  The MH_EXECUTE, MH_FVMLIB, MH_DYLIB,
 * MH_DYLINKER and MH_BUNDLE file types also have the headers included as part
 * of their first segment.
 *
 * The file type MH_OBJECT is a compact format intended as output of the
 * assembler and input (and possibly output) of the link editor (the .o
 * format).  All sections are in one unnamed segment with no segment padding.
 * This format is used as an executable format when the file is so small the
 * segment padding greatly increases its size.
 *
 * The file type MH_PRELOAD is an executable format intended for things that
 * are not executed under the kernel (proms, stand alones, kernels, etc).  The
 * format can be executed under the kernel but may demand paged it and not
 * preload it before execution.
 *
 * A core file is in MH_CORE format and can be any in an arbritray legal
 * Mach-O file.
 *
 * Constants for the filetype field of the mach_header
 */
#define MH_OBJECT 0x1      /* relocatable object file */
#define MH_EXECUTE 0x2     /* demand paged executable file */
#define MH_FVMLIB 0x3      /* fixed VM shared library file */
#define MH_CORE 0x4        /* core file */
#define MH_PRELOAD 0x5     /* preloaded executable file */
#define MH_DYLIB 0x6       /* dynamically bound shared library */
#define MH_DYLINKER 0x7    /* dynamic link editor */
#define MH_BUNDLE 0x8      /* dynamically bound bundle file */
#define MH_DYLIB_STUB 0x9  /* shared library stub for static */
                           /*  linking only, no section contents */
#define MH_DSYM 0xa        /* companion file with only debug */
                           /*  sections */
#define MH_KEXT_BUNDLE 0xb /* x86_64 kexts */
#define MH_FILESET 0xc     /* set of mach-o's */

/* Constants for the flags field of the mach_header */
#define MH_NOUNDEFS                                                                                                    \
  0x1 /* the object file has no undefined                                                                              \
         references */
#define MH_INCRLINK                                                                                                    \
  0x2 /* the object file is the output of an                                                                           \
         incremental link against a base file                                                                          \
         and can't be link edited again */
#define MH_DYLDLINK                                                                                                    \
  0x4 /* the object file is input for the                                                                              \
         dynamic linker and can't be staticly                                                                          \
         link edited again */
#define MH_BINDATLOAD                                                                                                  \
  0x8 /* the object file's undefined                                                                                   \
         references are bound by the dynamic                                                                           \
         linker when loaded. */
#define MH_PREBOUND                                                                                                    \
  0x10 /* the file has its dynamic undefined                                                                           \
          references prebound. */
#define MH_SPLIT_SEGS                                                                                                  \
  0x20 /* the file has its read-only and                                                                               \
          read-write segments split */
#define MH_LAZY_INIT                                                                                                   \
  0x40 /* the shared library init routine is                                                                           \
          to be run lazily via catching memory                                                                         \
          faults to its writeable segments                                                                             \
          (obsolete) */
#define MH_TWOLEVEL                                                                                                    \
  0x80 /* the image is using two-level name                                                                            \
          space bindings */
#define MH_FORCE_FLAT                                                                                                  \
  0x100 /* the executable is forcing all images                                                                        \
           to use flat name space bindings */
#define MH_NOMULTIDEFS                                                                                                 \
  0x200 /* this umbrella guarantees no multiple                                                                        \
           defintions of symbols in its                                                                                \
           sub-images so the two-level namespace                                                                       \
           hints can always be used. */
#define MH_NOFIXPREBINDING                                                                                             \
  0x400 /* do not have dyld notify the                                                                                 \
           prebinding agent about this                                                                                 \
           executable */
#define MH_PREBINDABLE                                                                                                 \
  0x800 /* the binary is not prebound but can                                                                          \
           have its prebinding redone. only used                                                                       \
           when MH_PREBOUND is not set. */
#define MH_ALLMODSBOUND                                                                                                \
  0x1000 /* indicates that this binary binds to                                                                        \
            all two-level namespace modules of                                                                         \
            its dependent libraries. only used                                                                         \
            when MH_PREBINDABLE and MH_TWOLEVEL                                                                        \
            are both set. */
#define MH_SUBSECTIONS_VIA_SYMBOLS                                                                                     \
  0x2000 /* safe to divide up the sections into                                                                        \
            sub-sections via symbols for dead                                                                          \
            code stripping */
#define MH_CANONICAL                                                                                                   \
  0x4000 /* the binary has been canonicalized                                                                          \
            via the unprebind operation */
#define MH_WEAK_DEFINES                                                                                                \
  0x8000 /* the final linked image contains                                                                            \
            external weak symbols */
#define MH_BINDS_TO_WEAK                                                                                               \
  0x10000 /* the final linked image uses                                                                               \
             weak symbols */

#define MH_ALLOW_STACK_EXECUTION                                                                                       \
  0x20000 /* When this bit is set, all stacks                                                                          \
             in the task will be given stack                                                                           \
             execution privilege.  Only used in                                                                        \
             MH_EXECUTE filetypes. */
#define MH_ROOT_SAFE                                                                                                   \
  0x40000 /* When this bit is set, the binary                                                                          \
             declares it is safe for use in                                                                            \
             processes with uid zero */

#define MH_SETUID_SAFE                                                                                                 \
  0x80000 /* When this bit is set, the binary                                                                          \
             declares it is safe for use in                                                                            \
             processes when issetugid() is true */

#define MH_NO_REEXPORTED_DYLIBS                                                                                        \
  0x100000 /* When this bit is set on a dylib,                                                                         \
            the static linker does not need to                                                                         \
            examine dependent dylibs to see                                                                            \
            if any are re-exported */
#define MH_PIE                                                                                                         \
  0x200000 /* When this bit is set, the OS will                                                                        \
              load the main executable at a                                                                            \
              random address.  Only used in                                                                            \
              MH_EXECUTE filetypes. */
#define MH_DEAD_STRIPPABLE_DYLIB                                                                                       \
  0x400000 /* Only for use on dylibs.  When                                                                            \
              linking against a dylib that                                                                             \
              has this bit set, the static linker                                                                      \
              will automatically not create a                                                                          \
              LC_LOAD_DYLIB load command to the                                                                        \
              dylib if no symbols are being                                                                            \
              referenced from the dylib. */
#define MH_HAS_TLV_DESCRIPTORS                                                                                         \
  0x800000 /* Contains a section of type                                                                               \
               S_THREAD_LOCAL_VARIABLES */

#define MH_NO_HEAP_EXECUTION                                                                                           \
  0x1000000 /* When this bit is set, the OS will                                                                       \
               run the main executable with                                                                            \
               a non-executable heap even on                                                                           \
               platforms (e.g. i386) that don't                                                                        \
               require it. Only used in MH_EXECUTE                                                                     \
               filetypes. */

#define MH_APP_EXTENSION_SAFE                                                                                          \
  0x02000000 /* The code was linked for use in an                                                                      \
                application extension. */

#define MH_NLIST_OUTOFSYNC_WITH_DYLDINFO                                                                               \
  0x04000000 /* The external symbols                                                                                   \
    listed in the nlist symbol table do                                                                                \
    not include all the symbols listed in                                                                              \
    the dyld info. */

#define MH_SIM_SUPPORT                                                                                                 \
  0x08000000 /* Allow LC_MIN_VERSION_MACOS and                                                                         \
                LC_BUILD_VERSION load commands with                                                                    \
                the platforms macOS, iOSMac,                                                                           \
                iOSSimulator, tvOSSimulator and                                                                        \
                watchOSSimulator. */

#define MH_DYLIB_IN_CACHE                                                                                              \
  0x80000000 /* Only for use on dylibs. When this bit                                                                  \
                is set, the dylib is part of the dyld                                                                  \
                shared cache, rather than loose in                                                                     \
                the filesystem. */

/*
 * The load commands directly follow the mach_header.  The total size of all
 * of the commands is given by the sizeofcmds field in the mach_header.  All
 * load commands must have as their first two fields cmd and cmdsize.  The cmd
 * field is filled in with a constant for that command type.  Each command type
 * has a structure specifically for it.  The cmdsize field is the size in bytes
 * of the particular load command structure plus anything that follows it that
 * is a part of the load command (i.e. section structures, strings, etc.).  To
 * advance to the next load command the cmdsize can be added to the offset or
 * pointer of the current load command.  The cmdsize for 32-bit architectures
 * MUST be a multiple of 4 bytes and for 64-bit architectures MUST be a multiple
 * of 8 bytes (these are forever the maximum alignment of any load commands).
 * The padded bytes must be zero.  All tables in the object file must also
 * follow these rules so the file can be memory mapped.  Otherwise the pointers
 * to these tables will not work well or at all on some machines.  With all
 * padding zeroed like objects will compare byte for byte.
 */
struct load_command {
  uint32_t cmd;     /* type of load command */
  uint32_t cmdsize; /* total size of command in bytes */
};

/*
 * After MacOS X 10.1 when a new load command is added that is required to be
 * understood by the dynamic linker for the image to execute properly the
 * LC_REQ_DYLD bit will be or'ed into the load command constant.  If the dynamic
 * linker sees such a load command it it does not understand will issue a
 * "unknown load command required for execution" error and refuse to use the
 * image.  Other load commands without this bit that are not understood will
 * simply be ignored.
 */
#define LC_REQ_DYLD 0x80000000

/* Constants for the cmd field of all load commands, the type */
#define LC_SEGMENT 0x1         /* segment of this file to be mapped */
#define LC_SYMTAB 0x2          /* link-edit stab symbol table info */
#define LC_SYMSEG 0x3          /* link-edit gdb symbol table info (obsolete) */
#define LC_THREAD 0x4          /* thread */
#define LC_UNIXTHREAD 0x5      /* unix thread (includes a stack) */
#define LC_LOADFVMLIB 0x6      /* load a specified fixed VM shared library */
#define LC_IDFVMLIB 0x7        /* fixed VM shared library identification */
#define LC_IDENT 0x8           /* object identification info (obsolete) */
#define LC_FVMFILE 0x9         /* fixed VM file inclusion (internal use) */
#define LC_PREPAGE 0xa         /* prepage command (internal use) */
#define LC_DYSYMTAB 0xb        /* dynamic link-edit symbol table info */
#define LC_LOAD_DYLIB 0xc      /* load a dynamically linked shared library */
#define LC_ID_DYLIB 0xd        /* dynamically linked shared lib ident */
#define LC_LOAD_DYLINKER 0xe   /* load a dynamic linker */
#define LC_ID_DYLINKER 0xf     /* dynamic linker identification */
#define LC_PREBOUND_DYLIB 0x10 /* modules prebound for a dynamically */
                               /*  linked shared library */
#define LC_ROUTINES 0x11       /* image routines */
#define LC_SUB_FRAMEWORK 0x12  /* sub framework */
#define LC_SUB_UMBRELLA 0x13   /* sub umbrella */
#define LC_SUB_CLIENT 0x14     /* sub client */
#define LC_SUB_LIBRARY 0x15    /* sub library */
#define LC_TWOLEVEL_HINTS 0x16 /* two-level namespace lookup hints */
#define LC_PREBIND_CKSUM 0x17  /* prebind checksum */

/*
 * load a dynamically linked shared library that is allowed to be missing
 * (all symbols are weak imported).
 */
#define LC_LOAD_WEAK_DYLIB (0x18 | LC_REQ_DYLD)

/* 64-bit segment of this file to be mapped */
#define LC_SEGMENT_64 0x19
#define LC_ROUTINES_64 0x1a                       /* 64-bit image routines */
#define LC_UUID 0x1b                              /* the uuid */
#define LC_RPATH (0x1c | LC_REQ_DYLD)             /* runpath additions */
#define LC_CODE_SIGNATURE 0x1d                    /* local of code signature */
#define LC_SEGMENT_SPLIT_INFO 0x1e                /* local of info to split segments */
#define LC_REEXPORT_DYLIB (0x1f | LC_REQ_DYLD)    /* load and re-export dylib */
#define LC_LAZY_LOAD_DYLIB 0x20                   /* delay load of dylib until first use */
#define LC_ENCRYPTION_INFO 0x21                   /* encrypted segment information */
#define LC_DYLD_INFO 0x22                         /* compressed dyld information */
#define LC_DYLD_INFO_ONLY (0x22 | LC_REQ_DYLD)    /* compressed dyld information only */
#define LC_LOAD_UPWARD_DYLIB (0x23 | LC_REQ_DYLD) /* load upward dylib */
#define LC_VERSION_MIN_MACOSX 0x24                /* build for MacOSX min OS version */
#define LC_VERSION_MIN_IPHONEOS 0x25              /* build for iPhoneOS min OS version */
#define LC_FUNCTION_STARTS 0x26                   /* compressed table of function start addresses */
                                                  /* string for dyld to treat  like environment variable */
#define LC_DYLD_ENVIRONMENT 0x27
#define LC_MAIN (0x28 | LC_REQ_DYLD)                /* replacement for LC_UNIXTHREAD */
#define LC_DATA_IN_CODE 0x29                        /* table of non-instructions in __text */
#define LC_SOURCE_VERSION 0x2A                      /* source version used to build binary */
#define LC_DYLIB_CODE_SIGN_DRS 0x2B                 /* Code signing DRs copied from linked dylibs */
#define LC_ENCRYPTION_INFO_64 0x2C                  /* 64-bit encrypted segment information */
#define LC_LINKER_OPTION 0x2D                       /* linker options in MH_OBJECT files */
#define LC_LINKER_OPTIMIZATION_HINT 0x2E            /* optimization hints in MH_OBJECT files */
#define LC_VERSION_MIN_TVOS 0x2F                    /* build for AppleTV min OS version */
#define LC_VERSION_MIN_WATCHOS 0x30                 /* build for Watch min OS version */
#define LC_NOTE 0x31                                /* arbitrary data included within a Mach-O file */
#define LC_BUILD_VERSION 0x32                       /* build for platform min OS version */
#define LC_DYLD_EXPORTS_TRIE (0x33 | LC_REQ_DYLD)   /* used with linkedit_data_command, payload is trie */
#define LC_DYLD_CHAINED_FIXUPS (0x34 | LC_REQ_DYLD) /* used with linkedit_data_command */
#define LC_FILESET_ENTRY (0x35 | LC_REQ_DYLD)       /* used with fileset_entry_command */

/*
 * A variable length string in a load command is represented by an lc_str
 * union.  The strings are stored just after the load command structure and
 * the offset is from the start of the load command structure.  The size
 * of the string is reflected in the cmdsize field of the load command.
 * Once again any padded bytes to bring the cmdsize field to a multiple
 * of 4 bytes must be zero.
 */
union lc_str {
  uint32_t offset; /* offset to the string */
#ifndef __LP64__
  char *ptr; /* pointer to the string */
#endif
};

/*
 * The segment load command indicates that a part of this file is to be
 * mapped into the task's address space.  The size of this segment in memory,
 * vmsize, maybe equal to or larger than the amount to map from this file,
 * filesize.  The file is mapped starting at fileoff to the beginning of
 * the segment in memory, vmaddr.  The rest of the memory of the segment,
 * if any, is allocated zero fill on demand.  The segment's maximum virtual
 * memory protection and initial virtual memory protection are specified
 * by the maxprot and initprot fields.  If the segment has sections then the
 * section structures directly follow the segment command and their size is
 * reflected in cmdsize.
 */
struct segment_command { /* for 32-bit architectures */
  uint32_t cmd;          /* LC_SEGMENT */
  uint32_t cmdsize;      /* includes sizeof section structs */
  char segname[16];      /* segment name */
  uint32_t vmaddr;       /* memory address of this segment */
  uint32_t vmsize;       /* memory size of this segment */
  uint32_t fileoff;      /* file offset of this segment */
  uint32_t filesize;     /* amount to map from the file */
  vm_prot_t maxprot;     /* maximum VM protection */
  vm_prot_t initprot;    /* initial VM protection */
  uint32_t nsects;       /* number of sections in segment */
  uint32_t flags;        /* flags */
};

/*
 * The 64-bit segment load command indicates that a part of this file is to be
 * mapped into a 64-bit task's address space.  If the 64-bit segment has
 * sections then section_64 structures directly follow the 64-bit segment
 * command and their size is reflected in cmdsize.
 */
struct segment_command_64 { /* for 64-bit architectures */
  uint32_t cmd;             /* LC_SEGMENT_64 */
  uint32_t cmdsize;         /* includes sizeof section_64 structs */
  char segname[16];         /* segment name */
  uint64_t vmaddr;          /* memory address of this segment */
  uint64_t vmsize;          /* memory size of this segment */
  uint64_t fileoff;         /* file offset of this segment */
  uint64_t filesize;        /* amount to map from the file */
  vm_prot_t maxprot;        /* maximum VM protection */
  vm_prot_t initprot;       /* initial VM protection */
  uint32_t nsects;          /* number of sections in segment */
  uint32_t flags;           /* flags */
};

/* Constants for the flags field of the segment_command */
#define SG_HIGHVM                                                                                                      \
  0x1 /* the file contents for this segment is for \ \ \ \ \ \                                                         \
         the high part of the VM space, the low part \ is zero filled (for \ \                                         \
         \ \ \ stacks in core files) */
#define SG_FVMLIB                                                                                                      \
  0x2 /* this segment is the VM that is allocated by \ \ a fixed VM library, \                                         \
         \ \ \ for overlap checking in \ the link editor */
#define SG_NORELOC                                                                                                     \
  0x4 /* this segment has nothing that was relocated \ \ \ \ \ \                                                       \
         in it and nothing relocated to it, that is \ \ it maybe safely \ \ \                                          \
         \ replaced without relocation*/
#define SG_PROTECTED_VERSION_1                                                                                         \
  0x8                     /* This segment is protected.  If the \ \ \ \ \ \                                            \
                             segment starts at file offset 0, the \ \ \ \ \ \                                          \
                             first page of the segment is not \ \ protected.  All other pages of \                     \
                             \ \ \ the \ segment are protected. */
#define SG_READ_ONLY 0x10 /* This segment is made read-only after fixups */

/*
 * A segment is made up of zero or more sections.  Non-MH_OBJECT files have
 * all of their segments with the proper sections in each, and padded to the
 * specified segment alignment when produced by the link editor.  The first
 * segment of a MH_EXECUTE and MH_FVMLIB format file contains the mach_header
 * and load commands of the object file before its first section.  The zero
 * fill sections are always last in their segment (in all formats).  This
 * allows the zeroed segment padding to be mapped into memory where zero fill
 * sections might be. The gigabyte zero fill sections, those with the section
 * type S_GB_ZEROFILL, can only be in a segment with sections of this type.
 * These segments are then placed after all other segments.
 *
 * The MH_OBJECT format has all of its sections in one segment for
 * compactness.  There is no padding to a specified segment boundary and the
 * mach_header and load commands are not part of the segment.
 *
 * Sections with the same section name, sectname, going into the same segment,
 * segname, are combined by the link editor.  The resulting section is aligned
 * to the maximum alignment of the combined sections and is the new section's
 * alignment.  The combined sections are aligned to their original alignment in
 * the combined section.  Any padded bytes to get the specified alignment are
 * zeroed.
 *
 * The format of the relocation entries referenced by the reloff and nreloc
 * fields of the section structure for mach object files is described in the
 * header file <reloc.h>.
 */
struct section {      /* for 32-bit architectures */
  char sectname[16];  /* name of this section */
  char segname[16];   /* segment this section goes in */
  uint32_t addr;      /* memory address of this section */
  uint32_t size;      /* size in bytes of this section */
  uint32_t offset;    /* file offset of this section */
  uint32_t align;     /* section alignment (power of 2) */
  uint32_t reloff;    /* file offset of relocation entries */
  uint32_t nreloc;    /* number of relocation entries */
  uint32_t flags;     /* flags (section type and attributes)*/
  uint32_t reserved1; /* reserved (for offset or index) */
  uint32_t reserved2; /* reserved (for count or sizeof) */
};

struct section_64 {   /* for 64-bit architectures */
  char sectname[16];  /* name of this section */
  char segname[16];   /* segment this section goes in */
  uint64_t addr;      /* memory address of this section */
  uint64_t size;      /* size in bytes of this section */
  uint32_t offset;    /* file offset of this section */
  uint32_t align;     /* section alignment (power of 2) */
  uint32_t reloff;    /* file offset of relocation entries */
  uint32_t nreloc;    /* number of relocation entries */
  uint32_t flags;     /* flags (section type and attributes)*/
  uint32_t reserved1; /* reserved (for offset or index) */
  uint32_t reserved2; /* reserved (for count or sizeof) */
  uint32_t reserved3; /* reserved */
};

/*
 * The flags field of a section structure is separated into two parts a section
 * type and section attributes.  The section types are mutually exclusive (it
 * can only have one type) but the section attributes are not (it may have more
 * than one attribute).
 */
#define SECTION_TYPE 0x000000ff       /* 256 section types */
#define SECTION_ATTRIBUTES 0xffffff00 /*  24 section attributes */

/* Constants for the type of a section */
#define S_REGULAR 0x0          /* regular section */
#define S_ZEROFILL 0x1         /* zero fill on demand section */
#define S_CSTRING_LITERALS 0x2 /* section with only literal C strings*/
#define S_4BYTE_LITERALS 0x3   /* section with only 4 byte literals */
#define S_8BYTE_LITERALS 0x4   /* section with only 8 byte literals */
#define S_LITERAL_POINTERS 0x5 /* section with only pointers to */
                               /*  literals */
/*
 * For the two types of symbol pointers sections and the symbol stubs section
 * they have indirect symbol table entries.  For each of the entries in the
 * section the indirect symbol table entries, in corresponding order in the
 * indirect symbol table, start at the index stored in the reserved1 field
 * of the section structure.  Since the indirect symbol table entries
 * correspond to the entries in the section the number of indirect symbol table
 * entries is inferred from the size of the section divided by the size of the
 * entries in the section.  For symbol pointers sections the size of the entries
 * in the section is 4 bytes and for symbol stubs sections the byte size of the
 * stubs is stored in the reserved2 field of the section structure.
 */
#define S_NON_LAZY_SYMBOL_POINTERS 0x6 /* section with only non-lazy \ symbol pointers */
#define S_LAZY_SYMBOL_POINTERS 0x7     /* section with only lazy symbol \ pointers */
#define S_SYMBOL_STUBS                                                                                                 \
  0x8                                /* section with only symbol \ \ stubs, byte size of stub in \ the \ \ \           \
                                        \ reserved2 field */
#define S_MOD_INIT_FUNC_POINTERS 0x9 /* section with only function \ pointers for initialization*/
#define S_MOD_TERM_FUNC_POINTERS 0xa /* section with only function \ pointers for termination */
#define S_COALESCED 0xb              /* section contains symbols that \ are to be coalesced */
#define S_GB_ZEROFILL                                                                                                  \
  0xc                         /* zero fill on demand section \ \ (that can be larger than 4 \ \ \ \ \                  \
                                 gigabytes) */
#define S_INTERPOSING 0xd     /* section with only pairs of \ \ function pointers for \ interposing */
#define S_16BYTE_LITERALS 0xe /* section with only 16 byte \ literals */
#define S_DTRACE_DOF 0xf      /* section contains \ DTrace Object Format */
#define S_LAZY_DYLIB_SYMBOL_POINTERS                                                                                   \
  0x10 /* section with only lazy \ \ symbol pointers to lazy \ loaded dylibs \                                         \
        * \                                                                                                            \
        * \ \                                                                                                          \
        * \ \ \                                                                                                        \
        */
/*
 * Section types to support thread local variables
 */
#define S_THREAD_LOCAL_REGULAR                                                                                         \
  0x11 /* template of initial \ values for TLVs   \ \ \ \                                                              \
        */
#define S_THREAD_LOCAL_ZEROFILL                                                                                        \
  0x12                                             /* template of initial                   \ \ values for TLVs        \
                                                    */
#define S_THREAD_LOCAL_VARIABLES 0x13              /* TLV descriptors */
#define S_THREAD_LOCAL_VARIABLE_POINTERS 0x14      /* pointers to TLV \ descriptors */
#define S_THREAD_LOCAL_INIT_FUNCTION_POINTERS 0x15 /* functions to call \ \ to initialize TLV \ values */
/* 32-bit offsets to initializers */
#define S_INIT_FUNC_OFFSETS 0x16
/*
 * Constants for the section attributes part of the flags field of a section
 * structure.
 */
#define SECTION_ATTRIBUTES_USR 0xff000000 /* User setable attributes */
#define S_ATTR_PURE_INSTRUCTIONS                                                                                       \
  0x80000000 /* section contains only true \ machine instructions                                                      \
              */
#define S_ATTR_NO_TOC                                                                                                  \
  0x40000000 /* section contains coalesced \ \ \ \ \ \                                                                 \
                symbols that are not to be \ \ \ in a ranlib table of \ \ \ \                                          \
                contents */
#define S_ATTR_STRIP_STATIC_SYMS                                                                                       \
  0x20000000                                  /* ok to strip static symbols          \ \ \ \ \ \                       \
                                                 in this section in files            \ \ with the MH_DYLDLINK \        \
                                                 \ \ \ flag */
#define S_ATTR_NO_DEAD_STRIP 0x10000000       /* no dead stripping */
#define S_ATTR_LIVE_SUPPORT 0x08000000        /* blocks are live if they \ reference live blocks */
#define S_ATTR_SELF_MODIFYING_CODE 0x04000000 /* Used with i386 code stubs \ written on by dyld */
/*
 * If a segment contains any sections marked with S_ATTR_DEBUG then all
 * sections in that segment must have this attribute.  No section other than
 * a section marked with this attribute may reference the contents of this
 * section.  A section with this attribute may contain no symbols and must have
 * a section type S_REGULAR.  The static linker will not copy section contents
 * from sections with this attribute into its output file.  These sections
 * generally contain DWARF debugging info.
 */
#define S_ATTR_DEBUG 0x02000000             /* a debug section */
#define SECTION_ATTRIBUTES_SYS 0x00ffff00   /* system setable attributes */
#define S_ATTR_SOME_INSTRUCTIONS 0x00000400 /* section contains some \ machine instructions */
#define S_ATTR_EXT_RELOC 0x00000200         /* section has external \ relocation entries */
#define S_ATTR_LOC_RELOC                                                                                               \
  0x00000100 /* section has local \ relocation entries  \ \ \ \                                                        \
              */

/*
 * The names of segments and sections in them are mostly meaningless to the
 * link-editor.  But there are few things to support traditional UNIX
 * executables that require the link-editor and assembler to use some names
 * agreed upon by convention.
 *
 * The initial protection of the "__TEXT" segment has write protection turned
 * off (not writeable).
 *
 * The link-editor will allocate common symbols at the end of the "__common"
 * section in the "__DATA" segment.  It will create the section and segment
 * if needed.
 */

/* The currently known segment names and the section names in those segments */

#define SEG_PAGEZERO "__PAGEZERO" /* the pagezero segment which has no */
                                  /* protections and catches NULL */
                                  /* references for MH_EXECUTE files */

#define SEG_TEXT "__TEXT"                  /* the tradition UNIX text segment */
#define SECT_TEXT "__text"                 /* the real text part of the text */
                                           /* section no headers, and no padding */
#define SECT_FVMLIB_INIT0 "__fvmlib_init0" /* the fvmlib initialization */
                                           /*  section */
#define SECT_FVMLIB_INIT1 "__fvmlib_init1" /* the section following the */
                                           /*  fvmlib initialization */
                                           /*  section */

#define SEG_DATA "__DATA"      /* the tradition UNIX data segment */
#define SECT_DATA "__data"     /* the real initialized data section */
                               /* no padding, no bss overlap */
#define SECT_BSS "__bss"       /* the real uninitialized data section*/
                               /* no padding */
#define SECT_COMMON "__common" /* the section common symbols are */
                               /* allocated in by the link editor */

#define SEG_OBJC "__OBJC"                   /* objective-C runtime segment */
#define SECT_OBJC_SYMBOLS "__symbol_table"  /* symbol table */
#define SECT_OBJC_MODULES "__module_info"   /* module information */
#define SECT_OBJC_STRINGS "__selector_strs" /* string table */
#define SECT_OBJC_REFS "__selector_refs"    /* string table */

#define SEG_ICON "__ICON"           /* the icon segment */
#define SECT_ICON_HEADER "__header" /* the icon headers */
#define SECT_ICON_TIFF "__tiff"     /* the icons in tiff format */

#define SEG_LINKEDIT "__LINKEDIT" /* the segment containing all structs */
                                  /* created and maintained by the link */
                                  /* editor.  Created with -seglinkedit */
                                  /* option to ld(1) for MH_EXECUTE and */
                                  /* FVMLIB file types only */

#define SEG_UNIXSTACK "__UNIXSTACK" /* the unix stack segment */

#define SEG_IMPORT "__IMPORT" /* the segment for the self (dyld) */
                              /* modifing code stubs that has read, */
                              /* write and execute permissions */

/*
 * Fixed virtual memory shared libraries are identified by two things.  The
 * target pathname (the name of the library as found for execution), and the
 * minor version number.  The address of where the headers are loaded is in
 * header_addr. (THIS IS OBSOLETE and no longer supported).
 */
struct fvmlib {
  union lc_str name;      /* library's target pathname */
  uint32_t minor_version; /* library's minor version number */
  uint32_t header_addr;   /* library's header address */
};

/*
 * A fixed virtual shared library (filetype == MH_FVMLIB in the mach header)
 * contains a fvmlib_command (cmd == LC_IDFVMLIB) to identify the library.
 * An object that uses a fixed virtual shared library also contains a
 * fvmlib_command (cmd == LC_LOADFVMLIB) for each library it uses.
 * (THIS IS OBSOLETE and no longer supported).
 */
struct fvmlib_command {
  uint32_t cmd;         /* LC_IDFVMLIB or LC_LOADFVMLIB */
  uint32_t cmdsize;     /* includes pathname string */
  struct fvmlib fvmlib; /* the library identification */
};

/*
 * Dynamicly linked shared libraries are identified by two things.  The
 * pathname (the name of the library as found for execution), and the
 * compatibility version number.  The pathname must match and the compatibility
 * number in the user of the library must be greater than or equal to the
 * library being used.  The time stamp is used to record the time a library was
 * built and copied into user so it can be use to determined if the library used
 * at runtime is exactly the same as used to built the program.
 */
struct dylib {
  union lc_str name;              /* library's path name */
  uint32_t timestamp;             /* library's build time stamp */
  uint32_t current_version;       /* library's current version number */
  uint32_t compatibility_version; /* library's compatibility vers number*/
};

/*
 * A dynamically linked shared library (filetype == MH_DYLIB in the mach header)
 * contains a dylib_command (cmd == LC_ID_DYLIB) to identify the library.
 * An object that uses a dynamically linked shared library also contains a
 * dylib_command (cmd == LC_LOAD_DYLIB, LC_LOAD_WEAK_DYLIB, or
 * LC_REEXPORT_DYLIB) for each library it uses.
 */
struct dylib_command {
  uint32_t cmd;       /* LC_ID_DYLIB, LC_LOAD_{,WEAK_}DYLIB,
                         LC_REEXPORT_DYLIB */
  uint32_t cmdsize;   /* includes pathname string */
  struct dylib dylib; /* the library identification */
};

/*
 * A dynamically linked shared library may be a subframework of an umbrella
 * framework.  If so it will be linked with "-umbrella umbrella_name" where
 * Where "umbrella_name" is the name of the umbrella framework. A subframework
 * can only be linked against by its umbrella framework or other subframeworks
 * that are part of the same umbrella framework.  Otherwise the static link
 * editor produces an error and states to link against the umbrella framework.
 * The name of the umbrella framework for subframeworks is recorded in the
 * following structure.
 */
struct sub_framework_command {
  uint32_t cmd;          /* LC_SUB_FRAMEWORK */
  uint32_t cmdsize;      /* includes umbrella string */
  union lc_str umbrella; /* the umbrella framework name */
};

/*
 * For dynamically linked shared libraries that are subframework of an umbrella
 * framework they can allow clients other than the umbrella framework or other
 * subframeworks in the same umbrella framework.  To do this the subframework
 * is built with "-allowable_client client_name" and an LC_SUB_CLIENT load
 * command is created for each -allowable_client flag.  The client_name is
 * usually a framework name.  It can also be a name used for bundles clients
 * where the bundle is built with "-client_name client_name".
 */
struct sub_client_command {
  uint32_t cmd;        /* LC_SUB_CLIENT */
  uint32_t cmdsize;    /* includes client string */
  union lc_str client; /* the client name */
};

/*
 * A dynamically linked shared library may be a sub_umbrella of an umbrella
 * framework.  If so it will be linked with "-sub_umbrella umbrella_name" where
 * Where "umbrella_name" is the name of the sub_umbrella framework.  When
 * staticly linking when -twolevel_namespace is in effect a twolevel namespace
 * umbrella framework will only cause its subframeworks and those frameworks
 * listed as sub_umbrella frameworks to be implicited linked in.  Any other
 * dependent dynamic libraries will not be linked it when -twolevel_namespace
 * is in effect.  The primary library recorded by the static linker when
 * resolving a symbol in these libraries will be the umbrella framework.
 * Zero or more sub_umbrella frameworks may be use by an umbrella framework.
 * The name of a sub_umbrella framework is recorded in the following structure.
 */
struct sub_umbrella_command {
  uint32_t cmd;              /* LC_SUB_UMBRELLA */
  uint32_t cmdsize;          /* includes sub_umbrella string */
  union lc_str sub_umbrella; /* the sub_umbrella framework name */
};

/*
 * A dynamically linked shared library may be a sub_library of another shared
 * library.  If so it will be linked with "-sub_library library_name" where
 * Where "library_name" is the name of the sub_library shared library.  When
 * staticly linking when -twolevel_namespace is in effect a twolevel namespace
 * shared library will only cause its subframeworks and those frameworks
 * listed as sub_umbrella frameworks and libraries listed as sub_libraries to
 * be implicited linked in.  Any other dependent dynamic libraries will not be
 * linked it when -twolevel_namespace is in effect.  The primary library
 * recorded by the static linker when resolving a symbol in these libraries
 * will be the umbrella framework (or dynamic library). Zero or more sub_library
 * shared libraries may be use by an umbrella framework or (or dynamic library).
 * The name of a sub_library framework is recorded in the following structure.
 * For example /usr/lib/libobjc_profile.A.dylib would be recorded as "libobjc".
 */
struct sub_library_command {
  uint32_t cmd;             /* LC_SUB_LIBRARY */
  uint32_t cmdsize;         /* includes sub_library string */
  union lc_str sub_library; /* the sub_library name */
};

/*
 * A program (filetype == MH_EXECUTE) that is
 * prebound to its dynamic libraries has one of these for each library that
 * the static linker used in prebinding.  It contains a bit vector for the
 * modules in the library.  The bits indicate which modules are bound (1) and
 * which are not (0) from the library.  The bit for module 0 is the low bit
 * of the first byte.  So the bit for the Nth module is:
 * (linked_modules[N/8] >> N%8) & 1
 */
struct prebound_dylib_command {
  uint32_t cmd;                /* LC_PREBOUND_DYLIB */
  uint32_t cmdsize;            /* includes strings */
  union lc_str name;           /* library's path name */
  uint32_t nmodules;           /* number of modules in library */
  union lc_str linked_modules; /* bit vector of linked modules */
};

/*
 * A program that uses a dynamic linker contains a dylinker_command to identify
 * the name of the dynamic linker (LC_LOAD_DYLINKER).  And a dynamic linker
 * contains a dylinker_command to identify the dynamic linker (LC_ID_DYLINKER).
 * A file can have at most one of these.
 * This struct is also used for the LC_DYLD_ENVIRONMENT load command and
 * contains string for dyld to treat like environment variable.
 */
struct dylinker_command {
  uint32_t cmd;      /* LC_ID_DYLINKER, LC_LOAD_DYLINKER or
                        LC_DYLD_ENVIRONMENT */
  uint32_t cmdsize;  /* includes pathname string */
  union lc_str name; /* dynamic linker's path name */
};

/*
 * Thread commands contain machine-specific data structures suitable for
 * use in the thread state primitives.  The machine specific data structures
 * follow the struct thread_command as follows.
 * Each flavor of machine specific data structure is preceded by an unsigned
 * long constant for the flavor of that data structure, an uint32_t
 * that is the count of longs of the size of the state data structure and then
 * the state data structure follows.  This triple may be repeated for many
 * flavors.  The constants for the flavors, counts and state data structure
 * definitions are expected to be in the header file <machine/thread_status.h>.
 * These machine specific data structures sizes must be multiples of
 * 4 bytes  The cmdsize reflects the total size of the thread_command
 * and all of the sizes of the constants for the flavors, counts and state
 * data structures.
 *
 * For executable objects that are unix processes there will be one
 * thread_command (cmd == LC_UNIXTHREAD) created for it by the link-editor.
 * This is the same as a LC_THREAD, except that a stack is automatically
 * created (based on the shell's limit for the stack size).  Command arguments
 * and environment variables are copied onto that stack.
 */
struct thread_command {
  uint32_t cmd;     /* LC_THREAD or  LC_UNIXTHREAD */
  uint32_t cmdsize; /* total size of this command */
                    /* uint32_t flavor		   flavor of thread state */
                    /* uint32_t count		   count of longs in thread state */
  /* struct XXX_thread_state state   thread state for this flavor */
  /* ... */
};

/*
 * The routines command contains the address of the dynamic shared library
 * initialization routine and an index into the module table for the module
 * that defines the routine.  Before any modules are used from the library the
 * dynamic linker fully binds the module that defines the initialization routine
 * and then calls it.  This gets called before any module initialization
 * routines (used for C++ static constructors) in the library.
 */
struct routines_command { /* for 32-bit architectures */
  uint32_t cmd;           /* LC_ROUTINES */
  uint32_t cmdsize;       /* total size of this command */
  uint32_t init_address;  /* address of initialization routine */
  uint32_t init_module;   /* index into the module table that */
                          /*  the init routine is defined in */
  uint32_t reserved1;
  uint32_t reserved2;
  uint32_t reserved3;
  uint32_t reserved4;
  uint32_t reserved5;
  uint32_t reserved6;
};

/*
 * The 64-bit routines command.  Same use as above.
 */
struct routines_command_64 { /* for 64-bit architectures */
  uint32_t cmd;              /* LC_ROUTINES_64 */
  uint32_t cmdsize;          /* total size of this command */
  uint64_t init_address;     /* address of initialization routine */
  uint64_t init_module;      /* index into the module table that */
                             /*  the init routine is defined in */
  uint64_t reserved1;
  uint64_t reserved2;
  uint64_t reserved3;
  uint64_t reserved4;
  uint64_t reserved5;
  uint64_t reserved6;
};

/*
 * The symtab_command contains the offsets and sizes of the link-edit 4.3BSD
 * "stab" style symbol table information as described in the header files
 * <nlist.h> and <stab.h>.
 */
struct symtab_command {
  uint32_t cmd;     /* LC_SYMTAB */
  uint32_t cmdsize; /* sizeof(struct symtab_command) */
  uint32_t symoff;  /* symbol table offset */
  uint32_t nsyms;   /* number of symbol table entries */
  uint32_t stroff;  /* string table offset */
  uint32_t strsize; /* string table size in bytes */
};

/*
 * This is the second set of the symbolic information which is used to support
 * the data structures for the dynamically link editor.
 *
 * The original set of symbolic information in the symtab_command which contains
 * the symbol and string tables must also be present when this load command is
 * present.  When this load command is present the symbol table is organized
 * into three groups of symbols:
 *	local symbols (static and debugging symbols) - grouped by module
 *	defined external symbols - grouped by module (sorted by name if not lib)
 *	undefined external symbols (sorted by name if MH_BINDATLOAD is not set,
 *	     			    and in order the were seen by the static
 *				    linker if MH_BINDATLOAD is set)
 * In this load command there are offsets and counts to each of the three groups
 * of symbols.
 *
 * This load command contains a the offsets and sizes of the following new
 * symbolic information tables:
 *	table of contents
 *	module table
 *	reference symbol table
 *	indirect symbol table
 * The first three tables above (the table of contents, module table and
 * reference symbol table) are only present if the file is a dynamically linked
 * shared library.  For executable and object modules, which are files
 * containing only one module, the information that would be in these three
 * tables is determined as follows:
 * 	table of contents - the defined external symbols are sorted by name
 *	module table - the file contains only one module so everything in the
 *		       file is part of the module.
 *	reference symbol table - is the defined and undefined external symbols
 *
 * For dynamically linked shared library files this load command also contains
 * offsets and sizes to the pool of relocation entries for all sections
 * separated into two groups:
 *	external relocation entries
 *	local relocation entries
 * For executable and object modules the relocation entries continue to hang
 * off the section structures.
 */
struct dysymtab_command {
  uint32_t cmd;     /* LC_DYSYMTAB */
  uint32_t cmdsize; /* sizeof(struct dysymtab_command) */

  /*
   * The symbols indicated by symoff and nsyms of the LC_SYMTAB load command
   * are grouped into the following three groups:
   *    local symbols (further grouped by the module they are from)
   *    defined external symbols (further grouped by the module they are from)
   *    undefined symbols
   *
   * The local symbols are used only for debugging.  The dynamic binding
   * process may have to use them to indicate to the debugger the local
   * symbols for a module that is being bound.
   *
   * The last two groups are used by the dynamic binding process to do the
   * binding (indirectly through the module table and the reference symbol
   * table when this is a dynamically linked shared library file).
   */
  uint32_t ilocalsym; /* index to local symbols */
  uint32_t nlocalsym; /* number of local symbols */

  uint32_t iextdefsym; /* index to externally defined symbols */
  uint32_t nextdefsym; /* number of externally defined symbols */

  uint32_t iundefsym; /* index to undefined symbols */
  uint32_t nundefsym; /* number of undefined symbols */

  /*
   * For the for the dynamic binding process to find which module a symbol
   * is defined in the table of contents is used (analogous to the ranlib
   * structure in an archive) which maps defined external symbols to modules
   * they are defined in.  This exists only in a dynamically linked shared
   * library file.  For executable and object modules the defined external
   * symbols are sorted by name and is use as the table of contents.
   */
  uint32_t tocoff; /* file offset to table of contents */
  uint32_t ntoc;   /* number of entries in table of contents */

  /*
   * To support dynamic binding of "modules" (whole object files) the symbol
   * table must reflect the modules that the file was created from.  This is
   * done by having a module table that has indexes and counts into the merged
   * tables for each module.  The module structure that these two entries
   * refer to is described below.  This exists only in a dynamically linked
   * shared library file.  For executable and object modules the file only
   * contains one module so everything in the file belongs to the module.
   */
  uint32_t modtaboff; /* file offset to module table */
  uint32_t nmodtab;   /* number of module table entries */

  /*
   * To support dynamic module binding the module structure for each module
   * indicates the external references (defined and undefined) each module
   * makes.  For each module there is an offset and a count into the
   * reference symbol table for the symbols that the module references.
   * This exists only in a dynamically linked shared library file.  For
   * executable and object modules the defined external symbols and the
   * undefined external symbols indicates the external references.
   */
  uint32_t extrefsymoff; /* offset to referenced symbol table */
  uint32_t nextrefsyms;  /* number of referenced symbol table entries */

  /*
   * The sections that contain "symbol pointers" and "routine stubs" have
   * indexes and (implied counts based on the size of the section and fixed
   * size of the entry) into the "indirect symbol" table for each pointer
   * and stub.  For every section of these two types the index into the
   * indirect symbol table is stored in the section header in the field
   * reserved1.  An indirect symbol table entry is simply a 32bit index into
   * the symbol table to the symbol that the pointer or stub is referring to.
   * The indirect symbol table is ordered to match the entries in the section.
   */
  uint32_t indirectsymoff; /* file offset to the indirect symbol table */
  uint32_t nindirectsyms;  /* number of indirect symbol table entries */

  /*
   * To support relocating an individual module in a library file quickly the
   * external relocation entries for each module in the library need to be
   * accessed efficiently.  Since the relocation entries can't be accessed
   * through the section headers for a library file they are separated into
   * groups of local and external entries further grouped by module.  In this
   * case the presents of this load command who's extreloff, nextrel,
   * locreloff and nlocrel fields are non-zero indicates that the relocation
   * entries of non-merged sections are not referenced through the section
   * structures (and the reloff and nreloc fields in the section headers are
   * set to zero).
   *
   * Since the relocation entries are not accessed through the section headers
   * this requires the r_address field to be something other than a section
   * offset to identify the item to be relocated.  In this case r_address is
   * set to the offset from the vmaddr of the first LC_SEGMENT command.
   * For MH_SPLIT_SEGS images r_address is set to the the offset from the
   * vmaddr of the first read-write LC_SEGMENT command.
   *
   * The relocation entries are grouped by module and the module table
   * entries have indexes and counts into them for the group of external
   * relocation entries for that the module.
   *
   * For sections that are merged across modules there must not be any
   * remaining external relocation entries for them (for merged sections
   * remaining relocation entries must be local).
   */
  uint32_t extreloff; /* offset to external relocation entries */
  uint32_t nextrel;   /* number of external relocation entries */

  /*
   * All the local relocation entries are grouped together (they are not
   * grouped by their module since they are only used if the object is moved
   * from it staticly link edited address).
   */
  uint32_t locreloff; /* offset to local relocation entries */
  uint32_t nlocrel;   /* number of local relocation entries */
};

/*
 * An indirect symbol table entry is simply a 32bit index into the symbol table
 * to the symbol that the pointer or stub is refering to.  Unless it is for a
 * non-lazy symbol pointer section for a defined symbol which strip(1) as
 * removed.  In which case it has the value INDIRECT_SYMBOL_LOCAL.  If the
 * symbol was also absolute INDIRECT_SYMBOL_ABS is or'ed with that.
 */
#define INDIRECT_SYMBOL_LOCAL 0x80000000
#define INDIRECT_SYMBOL_ABS 0x40000000

/* a table of contents entry */
struct dylib_table_of_contents {
  uint32_t symbol_index; /* the defined external symbol
                            (index into the symbol table) */
  uint32_t module_index; /* index into the module table this symbol
                            is defined in */
};

/* a module table entry */
struct dylib_module {
  uint32_t module_name; /* the module name (index into string table) */

  uint32_t iextdefsym; /* index into externally defined symbols */
  uint32_t nextdefsym; /* number of externally defined symbols */
  uint32_t irefsym;    /* index into reference symbol table */
  uint32_t nrefsym;    /* number of reference symbol table entries */
  uint32_t ilocalsym;  /* index into symbols for local symbols */
  uint32_t nlocalsym;  /* number of local symbols */

  uint32_t iextrel; /* index into external relocation entries */
  uint32_t nextrel; /* number of external relocation entries */

  uint32_t iinit_iterm; /* low 16 bits are the index into the init
                           section, high 16 bits are the index into
                           the term section */
  uint32_t ninit_nterm; /* low 16 bits are the number of init section
                           entries, high 16 bits are the number of
                           term section entries */

  uint32_t                   /* for this module address of the start of */
      objc_module_info_addr; /*  the (__OBJC,__module_info) section */
  uint32_t                   /* for this module size of */
      objc_module_info_size; /*  the (__OBJC,__module_info) section */
};

/* a 64-bit module table entry */
struct dylib_module_64 {
  uint32_t module_name; /* the module name (index into string table) */

  uint32_t iextdefsym; /* index into externally defined symbols */
  uint32_t nextdefsym; /* number of externally defined symbols */
  uint32_t irefsym;    /* index into reference symbol table */
  uint32_t nrefsym;    /* number of reference symbol table entries */
  uint32_t ilocalsym;  /* index into symbols for local symbols */
  uint32_t nlocalsym;  /* number of local symbols */

  uint32_t iextrel; /* index into external relocation entries */
  uint32_t nextrel; /* number of external relocation entries */

  uint32_t iinit_iterm; /* low 16 bits are the index into the init
                           section, high 16 bits are the index into
                           the term section */
  uint32_t ninit_nterm; /* low 16 bits are the number of init section
                           entries, high 16 bits are the number of
                           term section entries */

  uint32_t                   /* for this module size of */
      objc_module_info_size; /*  the (__OBJC,__module_info) section */
  uint64_t                   /* for this module address of the start of */
      objc_module_info_addr; /*  the (__OBJC,__module_info) section */
};

/*
 * The entries in the reference symbol table are used when loading the module
 * (both by the static and dynamic link editors) and if the module is unloaded
 * or replaced.  Therefore all external symbols (defined and undefined) are
 * listed in the module's reference table.  The flags describe the type of
 * reference that is being made.  The constants for the flags are defined in
 * <mach-o/nlist.h> as they are also used for symbol table entries.
 */
struct dylib_reference {
  uint32_t isym : 24, /* index into the symbol table */
      flags : 8;      /* flags to indicate the type of reference */
};

/*
 * The twolevel_hints_command contains the offset and number of hints in the
 * two-level namespace lookup hints table.
 */
struct twolevel_hints_command {
  uint32_t cmd;     /* LC_TWOLEVEL_HINTS */
  uint32_t cmdsize; /* sizeof(struct twolevel_hints_command) */
  uint32_t offset;  /* offset to the hint table */
  uint32_t nhints;  /* number of hints in the hint table */
};

/*
 * The entries in the two-level namespace lookup hints table are twolevel_hint
 * structs.  These provide hints to the dynamic link editor where to start
 * looking for an undefined symbol in a two-level namespace image.  The
 * isub_image field is an index into the sub-images (sub-frameworks and
 * sub-umbrellas list) that made up the two-level image that the undefined
 * symbol was found in when it was built by the static link editor.  If
 * isub-image is 0 the the symbol is expected to be defined in library and not
 * in the sub-images.  If isub-image is non-zero it is an index into the array
 * of sub-images for the umbrella with the first index in the sub-images being
 * 1. The array of sub-images is the ordered list of sub-images of the umbrella
 * that would be searched for a symbol that has the umbrella recorded as its
 * primary library.  The table of contents index is an index into the
 * library's table of contents.  This is used as the starting point of the
 * binary search or a directed linear search.
 */
struct twolevel_hint {
  uint32_t isub_image : 8, /* index into the sub images */
      itoc : 24;           /* index into the table of contents */
};

/*
 * The prebind_cksum_command contains the value of the original check sum for
 * prebound files or zero.  When a prebound file is first created or modified
 * for other than updating its prebinding information the value of the check sum
 * is set to zero.  When the file has it prebinding re-done and if the value of
 * the check sum is zero the original check sum is calculated and stored in
 * cksum field of this load command in the output file.  If when the prebinding
 * is re-done and the cksum field is non-zero it is left unchanged from the
 * input file.
 */
struct prebind_cksum_command {
  uint32_t cmd;     /* LC_PREBIND_CKSUM */
  uint32_t cmdsize; /* sizeof(struct prebind_cksum_command) */
  uint32_t cksum;   /* the check sum or zero */
};

/*
 * The uuid load command contains a single 128-bit unique random number that
 * identifies an object produced by the static link editor.
 */
struct uuid_command {
  uint32_t cmd;     /* LC_UUID */
  uint32_t cmdsize; /* sizeof(struct uuid_command) */
  uint8_t uuid[16]; /* the 128-bit uuid */
};

/*
 * The rpath_command contains a path which at runtime should be added to
 * the current run path used to find @rpath prefixed dylibs.
 */
struct rpath_command {
  uint32_t cmd;      /* LC_RPATH */
  uint32_t cmdsize;  /* includes string */
  union lc_str path; /* path to add to run path */
};

/*
 * The linkedit_data_command contains the offsets and sizes of a blob
 * of data in the __LINKEDIT segment.
 */
struct linkedit_data_command {
  uint32_t cmd;      /* LC_CODE_SIGNATURE, LC_SEGMENT_SPLIT_INFO,
                        LC_FUNCTION_STARTS, LC_DATA_IN_CODE,
                        or LC_DYLIB_CODE_SIGN_DRS */
  uint32_t cmdsize;  /* sizeof(struct linkedit_data_command) */
  uint32_t dataoff;  /* file offset of data in __LINKEDIT segment */
  uint32_t datasize; /* file size of data in __LINKEDIT segment  */
};

/*
 * The encryption_info_command contains the file offset and size of an
 * of an encrypted segment.
 */
struct encryption_info_command {
  uint32_t cmd;       /* LC_ENCRYPTION_INFO */
  uint32_t cmdsize;   /* sizeof(struct encryption_info_command) */
  uint32_t cryptoff;  /* file offset of encrypted range */
  uint32_t cryptsize; /* file size of encrypted range */
  uint32_t cryptid;   /* which enryption system,
                         0 means not-encrypted yet */
};

/*
 * The version_min_command contains the min OS version on which this
 * binary was built to run.
 */
struct version_min_command {
  uint32_t cmd;     /* LC_VERSION_MIN_MACOSX or
                       LC_VERSION_MIN_IPHONEOS  */
  uint32_t cmdsize; /* sizeof(struct min_version_command) */
  uint32_t version; /* X.Y.Z is encoded in nibbles xxxx.yy.zz */
  uint32_t sdk;     /* X.Y.Z is encoded in nibbles xxxx.yy.zz */
};

/*
 * The build_version_command contains the min OS version on which this
 * binary was built to run for its platform.  The list of known platforms and
 * tool values following it.
 */
struct build_version_command {
  uint32_t cmd;      /* LC_BUILD_VERSION */
  uint32_t cmdsize;  /* sizeof(struct build_version_command) plus */
                     /* ntools * sizeof(struct build_tool_version) */
  uint32_t platform; /* platform */
  uint32_t minos;    /* X.Y.Z is encoded in nibbles xxxx.yy.zz */
  uint32_t sdk;      /* X.Y.Z is encoded in nibbles xxxx.yy.zz */
  uint32_t ntools;   /* number of tool entries following this */
};

struct build_tool_version {
  uint32_t tool;    /* enum for the tool */
  uint32_t version; /* version number of the tool */
};

/* Known values for the platform field above. */
#define PLATFORM_MACOS 1
#define PLATFORM_IOS 2
#define PLATFORM_TVOS 3
#define PLATFORM_WATCHOS 4
#define PLATFORM_BRIDGEOS 5
#define PLATFORM_MACCATALYST 6
#define PLATFORM_IOSSIMULATOR 7
#define PLATFORM_TVOSSIMULATOR 8
#define PLATFORM_WATCHOSSIMULATOR 9
#define PLATFORM_DRIVERKIT 10

/* Known values for the tool field above. */
#define TOOL_CLANG 1
#define TOOL_SWIFT 2
#define TOOL_LD 3

/*
 * The dyld_info_command contains the file offsets and sizes of
 * the new compressed form of the information dyld needs to
 * load the image.  This information is used by dyld on Mac OS X
 * 10.6 and later.  All information pointed to by this command
 * is encoded using byte streams, so no endian swapping is needed
 * to interpret it.
 */
struct dyld_info_command {
  uint32_t cmd;     /* LC_DYLD_INFO or LC_DYLD_INFO_ONLY */
  uint32_t cmdsize; /* sizeof(struct dyld_info_command) */

  /*
   * Dyld rebases an image whenever dyld loads it at an address different
   * from its preferred address.  The rebase information is a stream
   * of byte sized opcodes whose symbolic names start with REBASE_OPCODE_.
   * Conceptually the rebase information is a table of tuples:
   *    <seg-index, seg-offset, type>
   * The opcodes are a compressed way to encode the table by only
   * encoding when a column changes.  In addition simple patterns
   * like "every n'th offset for m times" can be encoded in a few
   * bytes.
   */
  uint32_t rebase_off;  /* file offset to rebase info  */
  uint32_t rebase_size; /* size of rebase info   */

  /*
   * Dyld binds an image during the loading process, if the image
   * requires any pointers to be initialized to symbols in other images.
   * The bind information is a stream of byte sized
   * opcodes whose symbolic names start with BIND_OPCODE_.
   * Conceptually the bind information is a table of tuples:
   *    <seg-index, seg-offset, type, symbol-library-ordinal, symbol-name,
   * addend> The opcodes are a compressed way to encode the table by only
   * encoding when a column changes.  In addition simple patterns
   * like for runs of pointers initialzed to the same value can be
   * encoded in a few bytes.
   */
  uint32_t bind_off;  /* file offset to binding info   */
  uint32_t bind_size; /* size of binding info  */

  /*
   * Some C++ programs require dyld to unique symbols so that all
   * images in the process use the same copy of some code/data.
   * This step is done after binding. The content of the weak_bind
   * info is an opcode stream like the bind_info.  But it is sorted
   * alphabetically by symbol name.  This enable dyld to walk
   * all images with weak binding information in order and look
   * for collisions.  If there are no collisions, dyld does
   * no updating.  That means that some fixups are also encoded
   * in the bind_info.  For instance, all calls to "operator new"
   * are first bound to libstdc++.dylib using the information
   * in bind_info.  Then if some image overrides operator new
   * that is detected when the weak_bind information is processed
   * and the call to operator new is then rebound.
   */
  uint32_t weak_bind_off;  /* file offset to weak binding info   */
  uint32_t weak_bind_size; /* size of weak binding info  */

  /*
   * Some uses of external symbols do not need to be bound immediately.
   * Instead they can be lazily bound on first use.  The lazy_bind
   * are contains a stream of BIND opcodes to bind all lazy symbols.
   * Normal use is that dyld ignores the lazy_bind section when
   * loading an image.  Instead the static linker arranged for the
   * lazy pointer to initially point to a helper function which
   * pushes the offset into the lazy_bind area for the symbol
   * needing to be bound, then jumps to dyld which simply adds
   * the offset to lazy_bind_off to get the information on what
   * to bind.
   */
  uint32_t lazy_bind_off;  /* file offset to lazy binding info */
  uint32_t lazy_bind_size; /* size of lazy binding infs */

  /*
   * The symbols exported by a dylib are encoded in a trie.  This
   * is a compact representation that factors out common prefixes.
   * It also reduces LINKEDIT pages in RAM because it encodes all
   * information (name, address, flags) in one small, contiguous range.
   * The export area is a stream of nodes.  The first node sequentially
   * is the start node for the trie.
   *
   * Nodes for a symbol start with a uleb128 that is the length of
   * the exported symbol information for the string so far.
   * If there is no exported symbol, the node starts with a zero byte.
   * If there is exported info, it follows the length.
   *
   * First is a uleb128 containing flags. Normally, it is followed by
   * a uleb128 encoded offset which is location of the content named
   * by the symbol from the mach_header for the image.  If the flags
   * is EXPORT_SYMBOL_FLAGS_REEXPORT, then following the flags is
   * a uleb128 encoded library ordinal, then a zero terminated
   * UTF8 string.  If the string is zero length, then the symbol
   * is re-export from the specified dylib with the same name.
   * If the flags is EXPORT_SYMBOL_FLAGS_STUB_AND_RESOLVER, then following
   * the flags is two uleb128s: the stub offset and the resolver offset.
   * The stub is used by non-lazy pointers.  The resolver is used
   * by lazy pointers and must be called to get the actual address to use.
   *
   * After the optional exported symbol information is a byte of
   * how many edges (0-255) that this node has leaving it,
   * followed by each edge.
   * Each edge is a zero terminated UTF8 of the addition chars
   * in the symbol, followed by a uleb128 offset for the node that
   * edge points to.
   *
   */
  uint32_t export_off;  /* file offset to lazy binding info */
  uint32_t export_size; /* size of lazy binding infs */
};

/*
 * The following are used to encode rebasing information
 */
#define REBASE_TYPE_POINTER 1
#define REBASE_TYPE_TEXT_ABSOLUTE32 2
#define REBASE_TYPE_TEXT_PCREL32 3

#define REBASE_OPCODE_MASK 0xF0
#define REBASE_IMMEDIATE_MASK 0x0F
#define REBASE_OPCODE_DONE 0x00
#define REBASE_OPCODE_SET_TYPE_IMM 0x10
#define REBASE_OPCODE_SET_SEGMENT_AND_OFFSET_ULEB 0x20
#define REBASE_OPCODE_ADD_ADDR_ULEB 0x30
#define REBASE_OPCODE_ADD_ADDR_IMM_SCALED 0x40
#define REBASE_OPCODE_DO_REBASE_IMM_TIMES 0x50
#define REBASE_OPCODE_DO_REBASE_ULEB_TIMES 0x60
#define REBASE_OPCODE_DO_REBASE_ADD_ADDR_ULEB 0x70
#define REBASE_OPCODE_DO_REBASE_ULEB_TIMES_SKIPPING_ULEB 0x80

/*
 * The following are used to encode binding information
 */
#define BIND_TYPE_POINTER 1
#define BIND_TYPE_TEXT_ABSOLUTE32 2
#define BIND_TYPE_TEXT_PCREL32 3

#define BIND_SPECIAL_DYLIB_SELF 0
#define BIND_SPECIAL_DYLIB_MAIN_EXECUTABLE -1
#define BIND_SPECIAL_DYLIB_FLAT_LOOKUP -2
#define BIND_SPECIAL_DYLIB_WEAK_LOOKUP -3

#define BIND_SYMBOL_FLAGS_WEAK_IMPORT 0x1
#define BIND_SYMBOL_FLAGS_NON_WEAK_DEFINITION 0x8

#define BIND_OPCODE_MASK 0xF0
#define BIND_IMMEDIATE_MASK 0x0F
#define BIND_OPCODE_DONE 0x00
#define BIND_OPCODE_SET_DYLIB_ORDINAL_IMM 0x10
#define BIND_OPCODE_SET_DYLIB_ORDINAL_ULEB 0x20
#define BIND_OPCODE_SET_DYLIB_SPECIAL_IMM 0x30
#define BIND_OPCODE_SET_SYMBOL_TRAILING_FLAGS_IMM 0x40
#define BIND_OPCODE_SET_TYPE_IMM 0x50
#define BIND_OPCODE_SET_ADDEND_SLEB 0x60
#define BIND_OPCODE_SET_SEGMENT_AND_OFFSET_ULEB 0x70
#define BIND_OPCODE_ADD_ADDR_ULEB 0x80
#define BIND_OPCODE_DO_BIND 0x90
#define BIND_OPCODE_DO_BIND_ADD_ADDR_ULEB 0xA0
#define BIND_OPCODE_DO_BIND_ADD_ADDR_IMM_SCALED 0xB0
#define BIND_OPCODE_DO_BIND_ULEB_TIMES_SKIPPING_ULEB 0xC0
#define BIND_OPCODE_THREADED 0xD0
#define BIND_SUBOPCODE_THREADED_SET_BIND_ORDINAL_TABLE_SIZE_ULEB 0x00
#define BIND_SUBOPCODE_THREADED_APPLY 0x01

/*
 * The following are used on the flags byte of a terminal node
 * in the export information.
 */
#define EXPORT_SYMBOL_FLAGS_KIND_MASK 0x03
#define EXPORT_SYMBOL_FLAGS_KIND_REGULAR 0x00
#define EXPORT_SYMBOL_FLAGS_KIND_THREAD_LOCAL 0x01
#define EXPORT_SYMBOL_FLAGS_WEAK_DEFINITION 0x04
#define EXPORT_SYMBOL_FLAGS_REEXPORT 0x08
#define EXPORT_SYMBOL_FLAGS_STUB_AND_RESOLVER 0x10

/*
 * The linker_option_command contains linker options embedded in object files.
 */
struct linker_option_command {
  uint32_t cmd; /* LC_LINKER_OPTION only used in MH_OBJECT filetypes */
  uint32_t cmdsize;
  uint32_t count; /* number of strings */
                  /* concatenation of zero terminated UTF8 strings.
                     Zero filled at end to align */
};

/*
 * The symseg_command contains the offset and size of the GNU style
 * symbol table information as described in the header file <symseg.h>.
 * The symbol roots of the symbol segments must also be aligned properly
 * in the file.  So the requirement of keeping the offsets aligned to a
 * multiple of a 4 bytes translates to the length field of the symbol
 * roots also being a multiple of a long.  Also the padding must again be
 * zeroed. (THIS IS OBSOLETE and no longer supported).
 */
struct symseg_command {
  uint32_t cmd;     /* LC_SYMSEG */
  uint32_t cmdsize; /* sizeof(struct symseg_command) */
  uint32_t offset;  /* symbol segment offset */
  uint32_t size;    /* symbol segment size in bytes */
};

/*
 * The ident_command contains a free format string table following the
 * ident_command structure.  The strings are null terminated and the size of
 * the command is padded out with zero bytes to a multiple of 4 bytes/
 * (THIS IS OBSOLETE and no longer supported).
 */
struct ident_command {
  uint32_t cmd;     /* LC_IDENT */
  uint32_t cmdsize; /* strings that follow this command */
};

/*
 * The fvmfile_command contains a reference to a file to be loaded at the
 * specified virtual address.  (Presently, this command is reserved for
 * internal use.  The kernel ignores this command when loading a program into
 * memory).
 */
struct fvmfile_command {
  uint32_t cmd;         /* LC_FVMFILE */
  uint32_t cmdsize;     /* includes pathname string */
  union lc_str name;    /* files pathname */
  uint32_t header_addr; /* files virtual address */
};

/*
 * The entry_point_command is a replacement for thread_command.
 * It is used for main executables to specify the location (file offset)
 * of main().  If -stack_size was used at link time, the stacksize
 * field will contain the stack size need for the main thread.
 */
struct entry_point_command {
  uint32_t cmd;       /* LC_MAIN only used in MH_EXECUTE filetypes */
  uint32_t cmdsize;   /* 24 */
  uint64_t entryoff;  /* file (__TEXT) offset of main() */
  uint64_t stacksize; /* if not zero, initial stack size */
};

/*
 * The source_version_command is an optional load command containing
 * the version of the sources used to build the binary.
 */
struct source_version_command {
  uint32_t cmd;     /* LC_SOURCE_VERSION */
  uint32_t cmdsize; /* 16 */
  uint64_t version; /* A.B.C.D.E packed as a24.b10.c10.d10.e10 */
};

/*
 * The LC_DATA_IN_CODE load commands uses a linkedit_data_command
 * to point to an array of data_in_code_entry entries. Each entry
 * describes a range of data in a code section.  This load command
 * is only used in final linked images.
 */
struct data_in_code_entry {
  uint32_t offset; /* from mach_header to start of data range*/
  uint16_t length; /* number of bytes in data range */
  uint16_t kind;   /* a DICE_KIND_* value  */
};
#define DICE_KIND_DATA 0x0001             /* L$start$data$...  label */
#define DICE_KIND_JUMP_TABLE8 0x0002      /* L$start$jt8$...   label */
#define DICE_KIND_JUMP_TABLE16 0x0003     /* L$start$jt16$...  label */
#define DICE_KIND_JUMP_TABLE32 0x0004     /* L$start$jt32$...  label */
#define DICE_KIND_ABS_JUMP_TABLE32 0x0005 /* L$start$jta32$... label */

/*
 * Sections of type S_THREAD_LOCAL_VARIABLES contain an array
 * of tlv_descriptor structures.
 */
struct tlv_descriptor {
  void *(*thunk)(struct tlv_descriptor *);
  unsigned long key;
  unsigned long offset;
};

/*
 * LC_NOTE commands describe a region of arbitrary data included in a Mach-O
 * file.  Its initial use is to record extra data in MH_CORE files.
 */
struct note_command {
  uint32_t cmd;        /* LC_NOTE */
  uint32_t cmdsize;    /* sizeof(struct note_command) */
  char data_owner[16]; /* owner name for this LC_NOTE */
  uint64_t offset;     /* file offset of this data */
  uint64_t size;       /* length of data region */
};

#endif
